How do you know when to use anti-markovnikov’s rule? (Markovnikov’s rule is used for addition of non-symmetrical reagents to non-symmetrical multiple bonds. Examples of anti-Markovnikov addition: hydroboration followed by oxidation, free radical hydrobromination. A specific reaction mechanism will tell you whether or not the reaction proceeds by the rule.  - GS).

How do you figure out which carbon is the alpha carbon? (The first carbon attached to a functional group. - GS).