How do you determine the major product? I have been going over questions from the database and just when I think I’m doing it right I get the question wrong. Could you please clarify on that. (The major product is either lowest in energy (for equilibrium conditions), or the fastest forming product - GS).

Could we please go over what exactly a carbocation is?  It comes up a lot in class and I just wanted to make sure I know what it exactly is.  Thank you! (It is a particle with a carbon with the formal charge +1 - GS).

Could you please explain how to tell the strength of an acid from looking at its structure? (For neutral acids, remove H+ and evaluate stability of the remaining anion (= conjugate base), taking into consideration electronegativity of atoms holding the negative charge, and number of resonance structures. - GS).

Could you just remind us the difference between the molecular geometry versus the shape? (For molecular geometry, you consider both bonds and lone electron pairs. Next, you remove the lone pairs, do not move any atoms, and that will be the shape. - GS).

Could you explain how to determine the hybridization state of a molecule? (Hybridization state of ATOMS is determined by the geometry around them, which leads to different participation of p-orbitals in the formation of sigma-bonds. - GS).

I was wondering if you can have two sigma bonds or if you can only have multiple pi bonds? (There can not be more than one sigma-bond or more than two pi-bonds between the same pair of atoms because of the space conflict. - GS).  

What is the difference between reducing esters with LiAlH4 or NaBH4? (The first one reduces esters, the second one - does not. - GS).